The ionosphere is a region of Earth's upper atmosphere, from about 60 km (37 mi) to 1,000 km (620 mi) altitude, and includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. It is ionized by solar radiation, plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on the Earth. The various layers of the ionosphere are listed below:
D-Layer
Height : 70 Km
Thickness : 10 Km
Disappears at night
Aid: Very low frequency & LF Waves.
E-Layer
Height : 100 Km
Thickness : 25 Km
Disappears at night – due to the recombination of ions.
Aid: Medium frequency
ES – Layer
Sporadic E-Layer
F1-Layer
Height : 180 Km
Thickness : 20 Km
Combines with F2-layer at night.
F2-Layer
Most important layer.
Height: 300 Km – 400 Km (will come down to 250 Km at night)
Combines with F1-layer at night
Persist at night.
Low density of air layer because there is no collision between electrons.
During sun spot the deflection decreases.
[Image IonosphereLayers-NPS.gif: Naval Postgraduate School derivative work: Phirosiberia (IonosphereLayers-NPS.gif) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons]
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It is ionized by solar radiation, plays an important part in atmospheric electricity and forms the inner edge of the magnetosphere. It has practical importance because, among other functions, it influences radio propagation to distant places on the Earth.
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